Get you know about "DCD" ???

Get you know about “DCD”

Recent issues with adulteration of food using nitrogen rich compounds to make the protein content of food appear higher than the actual value highlighted the need for both food manufacturers and regulatory agencies to utilize fast and accurate analytical techniques to proactively ensure product safety.

Dicyandiamide

Dicyandiamide, or DCD, is a chemical compound used by farmers to reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission and nitrate leaching into waterways.  It has also been reportedly used by some to promote the growth of pastures where cows graze. Furthermore, dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-rich compound that is classified with compounds such as melamine as a potential economic food adulterant to enhance the apparent protein content of the food product.

“DCD” History in Sri Lanka

In 2007, melamine and cyanuric acid in wheat gluten added to pet food caused renal failure and sickened and killed large numbers of cats and dogs. In 2008, Chinese authorities discovered the adulteration of milk and infant formula with melamine by several Chinese producers. There were hundreds of thousands of victims and six confirmed deaths in China, as well as product recalls in many countries.

In response to the melamine contamination a large number of analytical methods were developed for the detection of melamine and its analogues, including several published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that also targeted cyanuric acid.

However, the Kjeldahl method, the traditional standard technique for measuring protein content by indirectly measuring the nitrogen content in food, remains the most widespread methodology. As long as protein content in food is not determined directly, economic adulteration with nitrogen rich compounds will continue to be a serious concern Sample Preparation

Sample Preparation (Experimental)

1. Simple liquid extraction of food samples was performed using the following procedure
2.  Add 10 mL of acetonitrile containing 2% formic acid to 1 g of a homogenized sample.
3. Mix thoroughly and sonicate for 10 minutes.
4. Centrifuge for 10 minutes.
5. Transfer an aliquot of 50 μL of the extract into and autosampler vial and dilute with 950 μL acetonitrile resulting in a total dilution factor of 200.
6. Further dilution of the extract might be necessary if the sample is heavily contaminated.

Method

The target compounds were separated using a normal phase gradient on a Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) column. LC separation was achieved using the Eksigent ekspert ultraLC 100 system with a Phenomenex LUNA HILIC 3u (100 x 2 mm) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min (Table 1). A sample volume of 10 μL was injected (Fanny F.U., André S./2012).

Results and Discussion

First, the limit of detection (LOD) and reproducibility were evaluated using injections of dicyandiamide standards and spiked matrix samples.

Source

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Emerging Food Contaminants

Fanny Fu¹ and André Schreiber²

¹AB SCIEX Taipei (Taiwan), ²AB SCIEX Concord, Ontario (Canada)

Sri Lanka Society for

Medical Laboratory Science

kumudeshr@gmail.com / 0094773077717